@article {13629,
	title = {Emergence of hormonal and redox regulation of galectin-1 in placental mammals: implication in maternal-fetal immune tolerance},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	volume = {105},
	number = {41},
	year = {2008},
	note = {<p>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Oct 14;105(41):15819-24. Epub 2008 Sep 29.</p>},
	month = {Oct 14},
	pages = {15819-24},
	type = {Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural},
	edition = {2008/10/01},
	abstract = {<p>Galectin-1 is an anti-inflammatory lectin with pleiotropic regulatory functions at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity. It is expressed in immune privileged sites and is implicated in establishing maternal-fetal immune tolerance, which is essential for successful pregnancy in eutherian mammals. Here, we show conserved placental localization of galectin-1 in primates and its predominant expression in maternal decidua. Phylogenetic footprinting and shadowing unveil conserved cis motifs, including an estrogen responsive element in the 5{\textquoteright} promoter of LGALS1, that were gained during the emergence of placental mammals and could account for sex steroid regulation of LGALS1 expression, thus providing additional evidence for the role of galectin-1 in immune-endocrine cross-talk. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of 27 publicly available vertebrate and seven newly sequenced primate LGALS1 coding sequences reveal that intense purifying selection has been acting on residues in the carbohydrate recognition domain and dimerization interface that are involved in immune functions. Parsimony- and codon model-based phylogenetic analysis of coding sequences show that amino acid replacements occurred in early mammalian evolution on key residues, including gain of cysteines, which regulate immune functions by redox status-mediated conformational changes that disable sugar binding and dimerization, and that the acquired immunoregulatory functions of galectin-1 then became highly conserved in eutherian lineages, suggesting the emergence of hormonal and redox regulation of galectin-1 in placental mammals may be implicated in maternal-fetal immune tolerance.</p>},
	keywords = {*Immune Tolerance, Animals, Biological Evolution, Computational Biology, Databases, Female, Galectin 1/*genetics/metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation/immunology/*physiology, Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*physiology, Maternal-Fetal Exchange/imm, Nucleic Acid},
	isbn = {1091-6490 (Electronic)00},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824694},
	author = {Than, N. G. and Romero, R. and Erez, O. and Weckle, A. and Tarca, A. L. and Hotra, J. and Abbas, A. and Han, Y. M. and Kim, S. S. and Kusanovic, J. P. and Gotsch, F. and Hou, Z. and Santolaya-Forgas, J. and Benirschke, K. and Papp, Z. and Grossman, L. I. and Goodman, M. and Wildman, D. E.}
}
