@book {1980,
	title = {Feral Children and Clever Animals Reflections on Human Nature},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {411},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {<p>What is it that sets us apart from the rest of the animal kingdom? What makes us unique? What makes us human? In this provocative book, Douglas Candland shows that as we begin to understand the way animals and non-speaking humans "think," we hold up a mirror of sorts to our own mental world,<br />
and gain profound insights into human nature. Weaving together diaries, contemporary newspaper accounts, and his own enlightening commentary, Candland brings to life a series of extraordinary stories. He begins with a look at past efforts to civilize feral children. We meet Victor, the Wild Boy of Aveyron, now famous as the subject of a Truffaut film; Kaspar Hauser, raised in a cell, civilized, and then assassinated; and the Wolf Girls of India, found early this century huddled among wolf pups in a forest den (they were originally believed to be ghosts by superstitious villagers, who nearly shot them as they were being captured). In each case, it was hoped that the study of these children would help clarify the age-old nature/nurture debate, but, as Candland shows, so much of the information "revealed" was really only a projection of beliefs previously held by the investigating scientists. Candland then turns to "clever animals." We learn how the investigation of "Clever Hans," the German horse who could calculate square roots, proved to be a first step in the direction of behaviorism (researchers found that Hans was being tipped off by the subtle and unwitting body language of his owner and other observers, who would bend almost imperceptibly at the waist with every hoof beat, and stand erect when the correct count was reached). And Candland discusses the many attempts to communicate with our closest neighbor, the apes</p>
},
	keywords = {Comparative., Feral children, Psychology, Psychology-research},
	isbn = {0195102843},
	url = {http://lccn.loc.gov/93000059},
	author = {Candland, Douglas K.}
}
