@article {308512,
	title = {Large-scale recent expansion of European patrilineages shown by population resequencing.},
	journal = {Nat Commun},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2015},
	note = {http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150519/ncomms8152/full/ncomms8152.html},
	month = {2015},
	pages = {7152},
	abstract = {<p>The proportion of Europeans descending from Neolithic farmers \~{} 10 thousand years ago (KYA) or Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers has been much debated. The male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) has been widely applied to this question, but unbiased estimates of diversity and time depth have been lacking. Here we show that European patrilineages underwent a recent continent-wide expansion. Resequencing of 3.7 Mb of MSY DNA in 334 males, comprising 17 European and Middle Eastern populations, defines a phylogeny containing 5,996 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Dating indicates that three major lineages (I1, R1a and R1b), accounting for 64\% of our sample, have very recent coalescent times, ranging between 3.5 and 7.3 KYA. A continuous swathe of 13/17 populations share similar histories featuring a demographic expansion starting \~{} 2.1-4.2 KYA. Our results are compatible with ancient MSY DNA data, and contrast with data on mitochondrial DNA, indicating a widespread male-specific phenomenon that focuses interest on the social structure of Bronze Age Europe.</p>},
	keywords = {Bayes Theorem, Biological Evolution, Computer Simulation, Demography, DNA, Mitochondrial, Emigration and immigration, Ethnic groups, Europe, European Continental Ancestry Group, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population, Genomics, Geography, Haplotypes, History, Ancient, Humans, Male, Middle East, Mutation, Phylogeny, Population Dynamics, Sequence Analysis, DNA},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms8152},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25988751},
	author = {Batini, Chiara and Hallast, Pille and Zadik, Daniel and Delser, Pierpaolo Maisano and Benazzo, Andrea and Ghirotto, Silvia and Arroyo-Pardo, Eduardo and Cavalleri, Gianpiero L and de Knijff, Peter and Dupuy, Berit Myhre and Eriksen, Heidi A and King, Turi E and L{\'o}pez de Munain, Adolfo and L{\'o}pez-Parra, Ana M and Loutradis, Aphrodite and Milasin, Jelena and Novelletto, Andrea and Pamjav, Horolma and Sajantila, Antti and Tolun, Asl{\i}han and Winney, Bruce and Jobling, Mark A}
}
