@article {308538,
	title = {Subsistence strategies in traditional societies distinguish gut microbiomes.},
	journal = {Nat Commun},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2015},
	note = {http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150325/ncomms7505/full/ncomms7505.html},
	month = {2015},
	pages = {6505},
	abstract = {<p>Recent studies suggest that gut microbiomes of urban-industrialized societies are different from those of traditional peoples. Here we examine the relationship between lifeways and gut microbiota through taxonomic and functional potential characterization of faecal samples from hunter-gatherer and traditional agriculturalist communities in Peru and an urban-industrialized community from the US. We find that in addition to taxonomic and metabolic differences between urban and traditional lifestyles, hunter-gatherers form a distinct sub-group among traditional peoples. As observed in previous studies, we find that Treponema are characteristic of traditional gut microbiomes. Moreover, through genome reconstruction (2.2-2.5 MB, coverage depth {\texttimes} 26-513) and functional potential characterization, we discover these Treponema are diverse, fall outside of pathogenic clades and are similar to Treponema succinifaciens, a known carbohydrate metabolizer in swine. Gut Treponema are found in non-human primates and all traditional peoples studied to date, suggesting they are symbionts lost in urban-industrialized societies.</p>},
	keywords = {Actinobacteria, Adolescent, Adult, Agriculture, Bacteroidetes, Biodiversity, Child, Child, Preschool, Classification, Diet, Diet, Paleolithic, Female, Firmicutes, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Industrial Development, Infant, Male, Metagenome, Middle Aged, Oklahoma, Peru, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Treponema, Young Adult},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms7505},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25807110},
	author = {Obregon-Tito, Alexandra J and Tito, Raul Y and Metcalf, Jessica and Sankaranarayanan, Krithivasan and Clemente, Jose C and Ursell, Luke K and Zech Xu, Zhenjiang and Van Treuren, Will and Knight, Rob and Gaffney, Patrick M and Spicer, Paul and Lawson, Paul and Marin-Reyes, Luis and Trujillo-Villarroel, Omar and Foster, Morris and Guija-Poma, Emilio and Troncoso-Corzo, Luzmila and Warinner, Christina and Ozga, Andrew T and Lewis, Cecil M}
}
