@article {308641,
	title = {Evolutionary history and global spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage.},
	journal = {Nat Genet},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2015},
	note = {http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.3195.html},
	month = {2015 Mar},
	pages = {242-9},
	abstract = {<p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing lineage are globally distributed and are associated with the massive spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in Eurasia. Here we reconstructed the biogeographical structure and evolutionary history of this lineage by genetic analysis of 4,987 isolates from 99 countries and whole-genome sequencing of 110 representative isolates. We show that this lineage initially originated in the Far East, from where it radiated worldwide in several waves. We detected successive increases in population size for this pathogen over the last 200 years, practically coinciding with the Industrial Revolution, the First World War and HIV epidemics. Two MDR clones of this lineage started to spread throughout central Asia and Russia concomitantly with the collapse of the public health system in the former Soviet Union. Mutations identified in genes putatively under positive selection and associated with virulence might have favored the expansion of the most successful branches of the lineage.</p>},
	keywords = {Biological Evolution, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Bacterial, Genotype, Global Health, Humans, Mutation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Phylogeny, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant},
	issn = {1546-1718},
	doi = {10.1038/ng.3195},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599400},
	author = {Merker, Matthias and Blin, Camille and Mona, Stefano and Duforet-Frebourg, Nicolas and Lecher, Sophie and Willery, Eve and Blum, Michael G B and R{\"u}sch-Gerdes, Sabine and Mokrousov, Igor and Aleksic, Eman and Allix-B{\'e}guec, Caroline and Antierens, Annick and Augustynowicz-Kope{\'c}, Ewa and Ballif, Marie and Barletta, Francesca and Beck, Hans Peter and Barry, Clifton E and Bonnet, Maryline and Borroni, Emanuele and Campos-Herrero, Isolina and Cirillo, Daniela and Cox, Helen and Crowe, Suzanne and Crudu, Valeriu and Diel, Roland and Drobniewski, Francis and Fauville-Dufaux, Maryse and Gagneux, Sebastien and Ghebremichael, Solomon and Hanekom, Madeleine and Hoffner, Sven and Jiao, Wei-wei and Kalon, Stobdan and Kohl, Thomas A and Kontsevaya, Irina and Lilleb{\ae}k, Troels and Maeda, Shinji and Nikolayevskyy, Vladyslav and Rasmussen, Michael and Rastogi, Nalin and Samper, Sofia and Sanchez-Padilla, Elisabeth and Savic, Branislava and Shamputa, Isdore Chola and Shen, Adong and Sng, Li-Hwei and Stakenas, Petras and Toit, Kadri and Varaine, Francis and Vukovic, Dragana and Wahl, C{\'e}line and Warren, Robin and Supply, Philip and Niemann, Stefan and Wirth, Thierry}
}
