@article {308926,
	title = {Neanderthal ancestry drives evolution of lipid catabolism in contemporary Europeans.},
	journal = {Nat Commun},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2014},
	note = {<p>http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140401/ncomms4584/full/ncomms4584.html</p>
},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {3584},
	abstract = {<p>Although Neanderthals are extinct, fragments of their genomes persist in contemporary humans. Here we show that while the genome-wide frequency of Neanderthal-like sites is approximately constant across all contemporary out-of-Africa populations, genes involved in lipid catabolism contain more than threefold excess of such sites in contemporary humans of European descent. Evolutionally, these genes show significant association with signatures of recent positive selection in the contemporary European, but not Asian or African populations. Functionally, the excess of Neanderthal-like sites in lipid catabolism genes can be linked with a greater divergence of lipid concentrations and enzyme expression levels within this pathway, seen in contemporary Europeans, but not in the other populations. We conclude that sequence variants that evolved in Neanderthals may have given a selective advantage to anatomically modern humans that settled in the same geographical areas.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Biological Evolution, European Continental Ancestry Group, Genome, History, Ancient, Humans, Lipid Metabolism, Neanderthals, Pan troglodytes, Phylogeny},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms4584},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24690587},
	author = {Khrameeva, Ekaterina E and Bozek, Katarzyna and He, Liu and Yan, Zheng and Jiang, Xi and Wei, Yuning and Tang, Kun and Gelfand, Mikhail S and Pr{\"u}fer, Kay and Kelso, Janet and P{\"a}{\"a}bo, Svante and Giavalisco, Patrick and Lachmann, Michael and Khaitovich, Philipp}
}
