@article {310283,
	title = {Neural beta-adrenergic dilatation of the facial vein in man. Possible mechanism in emotional blushing.},
	journal = {Acta Physiol Scand},
	volume = {114},
	year = {1982},
	month = {1982 Mar},
	pages = {393-9},
	abstract = {<p>Ring preparations of the superficial buccal segment of the human facial vein, taken from extirpated tissue in 12 patients during neck surgery, were studied in vitro. The vein developed a maintained intrinsic myogenic tone in response to passive stretch and was supplied with alpha- as well as beta-adrenoceptors, both of which could be influenced by transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) and noradrenaline. These unusual characteristics for a vein are basically similar to the ones described for the rabbit facial vein by Pegram, Bevan \&amp; Bevan (1976). In man there seemed to be an inter-individual difference with regard to the abundance of {\textquoteright}innervated{\textquoteright} alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors. Facial vein specimens from some subjects thus responded with prompt and pronounced net dilatation to TNS with maximum at 4 Hz and those from others with net constriction with maximum at 16 Hz. The latter showed a reversal into neural beta-adrenergic dilatation after alpha-adrenergic blockade. The human external jugular vein was devoid of intrinsic tone and beta-adrenoceptors. It is tentatively proposed that a beta-adrenergic neuro-effector mechanism in superficial ramifications of the facial vein in man might be involved in the emotional blushing reaction.</p>
},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Blushing, Electric Stimulation, Face, Female, Humans, Isoproterenol, Male, Middle Aged, Norepinephrine, Physical Stimulation, Receptors, Adrenergic, Receptors, Adrenergic, beta, Vasodilation, Veins},
	issn = {0001-6772},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1748-1716.1982.tb07000.x},
	author = {Mellander, S and Andersson, P O and Afzelius, L E and Hellstrand, P}
}
