@article {310915,
	title = {Schizophrenia as the price that homo sapiens pays for language: a resolution of the central paradox in the origin of the species.},
	journal = {Brain Res Brain Res Rev},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2000},
	month = {03/2000},
	pages = {118-29},
	abstract = {<p>The central paradox of schizophrenia is that the condition, apparently genetic in origin, persists in spite of a substantial fecundity disadvantage. The hypothesis is proposed that the predisposition to schizophrenia is a component of Homo sapiens-specific variation associated with the capacity for language. A genetic change (the {\textquoteright}speciation event{\textquoteright}, predicted to be related to the Xq21.3 to Yp chromosomal transposition that separates Homo sapiens from the great apes) allowed the hemispheres to develop with a {\textquoteright}cerebral torque{\textquoteright}, reflected particularly in association cortex, from right frontal to left occipital. Variations in the dimension of lateralization are associated with differences in the rate at which verbal and non-verbal ability develops. The nuclear symptoms of schizophrenia can be understood as a failure to establish dominance for a key component - the phonological sequence - of language in one hemisphere, with consequent disruption of the mechanism of {\textquoteright}indexicality{\textquoteright} that allows the speaker to distinguish his thoughts from the speech output that he generates and the speech input that he receives and decodes from others.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Brain, Hominidae, Humans, Language, Schizophrenia},
	author = {Crow, T J}
}
