@article {312000,
	title = {Evolution of Osteocrin as an activity-regulated factor in the primate brain},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {539},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016/11/10},
	pages = {242 - 247},
	abstract = {<p>Sensory stimuli drive the maturation and function of the mammalian nervous system in part through the activation of gene expression networks that regulate synapse development and plasticity. These networks have primarily been studied in mice, and it is not known whether there are species- or clade-specific activity-regulated genes that control features of brain development and function. Here we use transcriptional profiling of human fetal brain cultures to identify an activity-dependent secreted factor, Osteocrin (OSTN), that is induced by membrane depolarization of human but not mouse neurons. We find that OSTN has been repurposed in primates through the evolutionary acquisition of DNA regulatory elements that bind the activity-regulated transcription factor MEF2. In addition, we demonstrate that OSTN is expressed in primate neocortex and restricts activity-dependent dendritic growth in human neurons. These findings suggest that, in response to sensory input, OSTN regulates features of neuronal structure and function that are unique to primates.</p>
},
	isbn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature20111},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v539/n7628/full/nature20111.html},
	author = {Ataman, Bulent and Boulting, Gabriella L. and Harmin, David A. and Yang, Marty G. and Baker-Salisbury, Mollie and Yap, Ee-Lynn and Malik, Athar N. and Mei, Kevin and Rubin, Alex A. and Spiegel, Ivo and Durresi, Ershela and Sharma, Nikhil and Hu, Linda S. and Pletikos, Mihovil and Griffith, Eric C. and Partlow, Jennifer N. and Stevens, Christine R. and Adli, Mazhar and Chahrour, Maria and Sestan, Nenad and Walsh, Christopher A. and Berezovskii, Vladimir K. and Livingstone, Margaret S. and Greenberg, Michael E.}
}
