@article {312010,
	title = {Archaic Hominin Admixture Facilitated Adaptation to Out-of-Africa Environments},
	journal = {Current Biology},
	year = {2016},
	month = {11/2016},
	pages = { - },
	abstract = {<p>SummaryAs modern humans dispersed from Africa throughout the world, they encountered and interbred with archaic hominins, including Neanderthals and Denisovans [1, 2]. Although genome-scale maps of introgressed sequences have been constructed [3{\textendash}6], considerable gaps in knowledge remain about the functional, phenotypic, and evolutionary significance of archaic hominin DNA that persists in present-day individuals. Here, we describe a comprehensive set of analyses that identified 126 high-frequency archaic haplotypes as putative targets of adaptive introgression in geographically diverse populations. These loci\&nbsp;are enriched for immune-related genes (such as\&nbsp;OAS1/2/3, TLR1/6/10, and TNFAIP3) and also encompass genes (including OCA2 and BNC2) that influence skin pigmentation phenotypes. Furthermore, we leveraged existing and novel large-scale gene expression datasets to show many positively selected archaic haplotypes act as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), suggesting that modulation of transcript abundance was a common mechanism\&nbsp;facilitating adaptive introgression. Our results demonstrate that hybridization between modern and archaic hominins provided an important reservoir of advantageous alleles that enabled adaptation to out-of-Africa environments.</p>
},
	keywords = {adaptive, admixture, Denisovan, Human evolution, Hybridization, introgression, Neandertal},
	isbn = {0960-9822},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.041},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982216312672},
	author = {Gittelman, Rachel~M. and Schraiber, Joshua~G. and Vernot, Benjamin and Mikacenic, Carmen and Wurfel, Mark~M. and Akey, Joshua~M.}
}
