@article {313261,
	title = {A neuroanatomical predictor of mirror self-recognition in chimpanzees.},
	journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci},
	year = {2016},
	month = {11/2016},
	abstract = {<p>The ability to recognize one{\textquoteright}s own reflection is shared by humans and only a few other species, including chimpanzees. However, this ability is highly variable across individual chimpanzees. In humans, self-recognition involves a distributed, right-lateralized network including frontal and parietal regions involved in the production and perception of action. The superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) is a system of white matter tracts linking these frontal and parietal regions. The current study measured mirror self-recognition (MSR) and SLF anatomy in 60 chimpanzees using diffusion tensor imaging. Successful self-recognition was associated with greater rightward asymmetry in the white matter of SLFII and SLFIII, and in SLFIII{\textquoteright}s gray matter terminations in Broca{\textquoteright}s area. We observed a visible progression of SLFIII{\textquoteright}s prefrontal extension in apes that show negative, ambiguous, and compelling evidence of MSR. Notably, SLFIII{\textquoteright}s terminations in Broca{\textquoteright}s area are not right-lateralized or particularly pronounced at the population level in chimpanzees, as they are in humans. Thus, chimpanzees with more human-like behavior show more human-like SLFIII connectivity. These results suggest that self-recognition may have co-emerged with adaptations to frontoparietal circuitry.</p>
},
	isbn = {1749-5016},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27803287},
	author = {Hecht, EE and Mahovetz, LM and Preuss, TM and Hopkins, WD}
}
