@article {320975,
	title = {Genetic mapping and evolutionary analysis~of human-expanded cognitive networks.},
	journal = {Nat Commun},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019 10 24},
	pages = {4839},
	abstract = {<p>Cognitive brain networks such as the default-mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network, and salience network, are key functional networks of the human brain. Here we show that the rapid evolutionary cortical expansion of cognitive networks in the human brain, and most pronounced the DMN, runs parallel with high expression of human-accelerated genes (HAR genes). Using comparative transcriptomics analysis, we present that HAR genes are differentially more expressed in higher-order cognitive networks in humans compared to chimpanzees and macaques and that genes with high expression in the DMN are involved in synapse and dendrite formation. Moreover, HAR and DMN genes show significant associations with individual variations in DMN functional activity, intelligence, sociability, and mental conditions such as schizophrenia and autism. Our results suggest that the expansion of higher-order functional networks subserving increasing cognitive properties has been an important locus of genetic changes in recent human brain evolution.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Dendrites, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Macaca, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways, Pan troglodytes, Synapses},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-12764-8},
	author = {Wei, Yongbin and de Lange, Siemon C and Scholtens, Lianne H and Watanabe, Kyoko and Ardesch, Dirk J and Jansen, Philip R and Savage, Jeanne E and Li, Longchuan and Preuss, Todd M and Rilling, James K and Posthuma, Danielle and van den Heuvel, Martijn P}
}
