@article {327066,
	title = {Molecular archaeology of human cognitive traits.},
	journal = {Cell Rep},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022 Aug 30},
	pages = {111287},
	abstract = {<p>The brains and minds of our human ancestors remain inaccessible for experimental exploration. Therefore, we reconstructed human cognitive evolution by projecting nonsynonymous/synonymous rate ratios (ω values) in mammalian phylogeny onto the anatomically modern human (AMH) brain. This atlas retraces human neurogenetic selection and allows imputation of ancestral evolution in task-related functional networks (FNs). Adaptive evolution (high ω values) is associated with excitatory neurons and synaptic function. It shifted from FNs for motor control in anthropoid ancestry (60-41 mya) to attention in ancient hominoids (26-19 mya) and hominids (19-7.4 mya). Selection in FNs for language emerged with an early hominin ancestor (7.4-1.7 mya) and was later accompanied by adaptive evolution in FNs for strategic thinking during recent (0.8 mya-present) speciation of AMHs. This pattern mirrors increasingly complex cognitive demands and suggests that co-selection for language alongside strategic thinking may have separated AMHs from their archaic Denisovan and Neanderthal relatives.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Archaeology, Cognition, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Human, Hominidae, Humans, Mammals, Neanderthals, Phenotype},
	issn = {2211-1247},
	doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111287},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221112472201107X?via\%3Dihub},
	author = {Kaczanowska, Joanna and Ganglberger, Florian and Chernomor, Olga and Kargl, Dominic and Galik, Bence and Hess, Andreas and Moodley, Yoshan and von Haeseler, Arndt and B{\"u}hler, Katja and Haubensak, Wulf}
}
