@article {328950,
	title = {Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs.},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {607},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022 Jul},
	pages = {313-320},
	abstract = {<p>The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they\&nbsp;remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000-30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located.</p>
},
	keywords = {Africa, Animals, DNA, Ancient, Dogs, domestication, Europe, Genome, Genomics, History, Ancient, Middle East, Mutation, North America, Phylogeny, Selection, Genetic, Siberia, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Wolves},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-04824-9},
	author = {Bergstr{\"o}m, Anders and Stanton, David W G and Taron, Ulrike H and Frantz, Laurent and Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S and Ersmark, Erik and Pfrengle, Saskia and Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly and Lebrasseur, Oph{\'e}lie and Girdland-Flink, Linus and Fernandes, Daniel M and Ollivier, Morgane and Speidel, Leo and Gopalakrishnan, Shyam and Westbury, Michael V and Ramos-Madrigal, Jazm{\'\i}n and Feuerborn, Tatiana R and Reiter, Ella and Gretzinger, Joscha and M{\"u}nzel, Susanne C and Swali, Pooja and Conard, Nicholas J and Car{\o}e, Christian and Haile, James and Linderholm, Anna and Androsov, Semyon and Barnes, Ian and Baumann, Chris and Benecke, Norbert and Bocherens, Herv{\'e} and Brace, Selina and Carden, Ruth F and Drucker, Doroth{\'e}e G and Fedorov, Sergey and Gasparik, Mih{\'a}ly and Germonpr{\'e}, Mietje and Grigoriev, Semyon and Groves, Pam and Hertwig, Stefan T and Ivanova, Varvara V and Janssens, Luc and Jennings, Richard P and Kasparov, Aleksei K and Kirillova, Irina V and Kurmaniyazov, Islam and Kuzmin, Yaroslav V and Kosintsev, Pavel A and L{\'a}zni{\v c}kov{\'a}-Galetov{\'a}, Martina and Leduc, Charlotte and Nikolskiy, Pavel and Nussbaumer, Marc and O{\textquoteright}Drisceoil, C{\'o}il{\'\i}n and Orlando, Ludovic and Outram, Alan and Pavlova, Elena Y and Perri, Angela R and Pilot, Ma{\l}gorzata and Pitulko, Vladimir V and Plotnikov, Valerii V and Protopopov, Albert V and Rehazek, Andr{\'e} and Sablin, Mikhail and Seguin-Orlando, Andaine and Stor{\r a}, Jan and Verjux, Christian and Zaibert, Victor F and Zazula, Grant and Cromb{\'e}, Philippe and Hansen, Anders J and Willerslev, Eske and Leonard, Jennifer A and G{\"o}therstr{\"o}m, Anders and Pinhasi, Ron and Schuenemann, Verena J and Hofreiter, Michael and Gilbert, M Thomas P and Shapiro, Beth and Larson, Greger and Krause, Johannes and Dal{\'e}n, Love and Skoglund, Pontus}
}
