@article {329218,
	title = {Demographic and hormonal evidence for menopause in wild chimpanzees.},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {382},
	year = {2023},
	month = {2023 Oct 27},
	pages = {eadd5473},
	abstract = {<p>Among mammals, post-reproductive life spans are currently documented only in humans and a few species of toothed whales. Here we show that a post-reproductive life span exists among wild chimpanzees in the Ngogo community of Kibale National Park, Uganda. Post-reproductive representation was 0.195, indicating that a female who reached adulthood could expect to live about one-fifth of her adult life in a post-reproductive state, around half as long as human hunter-gatherers. Post-reproductive females exhibited hormonal signatures of menopause, including sharply increasing gonadotropins after age 50. We discuss whether post-reproductive life spans in wild chimpanzees occur only rarely, as a short-term response to favorable ecological conditions, or instead are an evolved species-typical trait as well as the implications of these alternatives for our understanding of the evolution of post-reproductive life spans.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Demography, Female, Fertility, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Gonadotropins, Humans, Longevity, Menopause, Pan troglodytes, Uganda},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.add5473},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add5473},
	author = {Wood, Brian M and Negrey, Jacob D and Brown, Janine L and Deschner, Tobias and Thompson, Melissa Emery and Gunter, Sholly and Mitani, John C and Watts, David P and Langergraber, Kevin E}
}
