@article {329234,
	title = {Substantial light woodland and open vegetation characterized the temperate forest biome before .},
	journal = {Sci Adv},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2023},
	month = {2023 Nov 10},
	pages = {eadi9135},
	abstract = {<p>The extent of vegetation openness in past European landscapes is widely debated. In particular, the temperate forest biome has traditionally been defined as dense, closed-canopy forest; however, some argue that large herbivores maintained greater openness or even wood-pasture conditions. Here, we address this question for the Last Interglacial period (129,000-116,000 years ago), before -linked megafauna declines and anthropogenic landscape transformation. We applied the vegetation reconstruction method REVEALS to 96 Last Interglacial pollen records. We found that light woodland and open vegetation represented, on average, more than 50\% cover during this period. The degree of openness was highly variable and only partially linked to climatic factors, indicating the importance of natural disturbance regimes. Our results show that the temperate forest biome was historically heterogeneous rather than uniformly dense, which is consistent with the dependency of much of contemporary European biodiversity on open vegetation and light woodland.</p>
},
	keywords = {Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Forests, Humans, Pollen, Trees, Wood},
	issn = {2375-2548},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adi9135},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/sciadv.adi9135?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed\&url_ver=Z39.88-2003\&rfr_id=ori\%3Arid\%3Acrossref.org},
	author = {Pearce, Elena A and Mazier, Florence and Normand, Signe and Fyfe, Ralph and Andrieu, Val{\'e}rie and Bakels, Corrie and Balwierz, Zofia and Bi{\'n}ka, Krzysztof and Boreham, Steve and Borisova, Olga K and Brostrom, Anna and de Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis and Gao, Cunhai and Gonz{\'a}lez-Samp{\'e}riz, Pen{\'e}lope and Granoszewski, Wojciech and Hrynowiecka, Anna and Ko{\l}aczek, Piotr and Kune{\v s}, Petr and Magri, Donatella and Malkiewicz, Ma{\l}gorzata and Mighall, Tim and Milner, Alice M and M{\"o}ller, Per and Nita, Ma{\l}gorzata and Nory{\'s}kiewicz, Bo{\.z}ena and Pidek, Irena Agnieszka and Reille, Maurice and Robertsson, Ann-Marie and Salonen, J Sakari and Schl{\"a}fli, Patrick and Schokker, Jeroen and Scussolini, Paolo and {\v S}eiriene, Vaida and Strahl, Jaqueline and Urban, Brigitte and Winter, Hanna and Svenning, Jens-Christian}
}
