@article {329980,
	title = {Globally, songs and instrumental melodies are slower and higher and use more stable pitches than speech: A Registered Report},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2024},
	note = {<p>doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9797</p>
},
	pages = {eadm9797},
	abstract = {<p>Both music and language are found in all known human societies, yet no studies have compared similarities and differences between song, speech, and instrumental music on a global scale. In this Registered Report, we analyzed two global datasets: (i) 300 annotated audio recordings representing matched sets of traditional songs, recited lyrics, conversational speech, and instrumental melodies from our 75 coauthors speaking 55 languages; and (ii) 418 previously published adult-directed song and speech recordings from 209 individuals speaking 16 languages. Of our six preregistered predictions, five were strongly supported: Relative to speech, songs use (i) higher pitch, (ii) slower temporal rate, and (iii) more stable pitches, while both songs and speech used similar (iv) pitch interval size and (v) timbral brightness. Exploratory analyses suggest that features vary along a ?musi-linguistic? continuum when including instrumental melodies and recited lyrics. Our study provides strong empirical evidence of cross-cultural regularities in music and speech. Global collaboration by 75 researchers finds acoustic relationships between speech, song, and instrumental music across cultures.Both music and language are found in all known human societies, yet no studies have compared similarities and differences between song, speech, and instrumental music on a global scale. In this Registered Report, we analyzed two global datasets: (i) 300 annotated audio recordings representing matched sets of traditional songs, recited lyrics, conversational speech, and instrumental melodies from our 75 coauthors speaking 55 languages; and (ii) 418 previously published adult-directed song and speech recordings from 209 individuals speaking 16 languages. Of our six preregistered predictions, five were strongly supported: Relative to speech, songs use (i) higher pitch, (ii) slower temporal rate, and (iii) more stable pitches, while both songs and speech used similar (iv) pitch interval size and (v) timbral brightness. Exploratory analyses suggest that features vary along a ?musi-linguistic? continuum when including instrumental melodies and recited lyrics. Our study provides strong empirical evidence of cross-cultural regularities in music and speech. Global collaboration by 75 researchers finds acoustic relationships between speech, song, and instrumental music across cultures.</p>
},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adm9797},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adm9797},
	author = {Ozaki, Yuto and Tierney, Adam and Pfordresher, Peter Q. and McBride, John M. and Benetos, Emmanouil and Proutskova, Polina and Chiba, Gakuto and Liu, Fang and Jacoby, Nori and Purdy, Suzanne C. and Opondo, Patricia and Fitch, W. Tecumseh and Hegde, Shantala and Rocamora, Mart{\'\i}n and Thorne, Rob and Nweke, Florence and Sadaphal, Dhwani P. and Sadaphal, Parimal M. and Hadavi, Shafagh and Fujii, Shinya and Choo, Sangbuem and Naruse, Marin and Ehara, Utae and Sy, Latyr and Parselelo, Mark Lenini and Anglada-Tort, Manuel and Hansen, Niels Chr. and Haiduk, Felix and F{\ae}r{\o}vik, Ulvhild and Magalh{\~a}es, Violeta and Krzy{\.z}anowski, Wojciech and Shcherbakova, Olena and Hereld, Diana and Barbosa, Brenda Suyanne and Varella, Marco Antonio Correa and van Tongeren, Mark and Dessiatnitchenko, Polina and Zar, Su Zar and El Kahla, Iyadh and Muslu, Olcay and Troy, Jakelin and Lomsadze, Teona and Kurdova, Dilyana and Tsope, Cristiano and Fredriksson, Daniel and Arabadjiev, Aleksandar and Sarbah, Jehoshaphat Philip and Arhine, Adwoa and Meachair, Tadhg {\'O} and Silva-Zurita, Javier and Soto-Silva, Ignacio and Millalonco, Neddiel Elcie Mu{\~n}oz and Ambrazevi{\v c}ius, Rytis and Loui, Psyche and Ravignani, Andrea and Jadoul, Yannick and Larrouy-Maestri, Pauline and Bruder, Camila and Teyxokawa, Tutushamum Puri and Kuikuro, Urise and Natsitsabui, Rogerdison and Sagarzazu, Nerea Bello and Raviv, Limor and Zeng, Minyu and Varnosfaderani, Shahaboddin Dabaghi and G{\'o}mez-Ca{\~n}{\'o}n, Juan Sebasti{\'a}n and Kolff, Kayla and der Nederlanden, Christina Vanden Bosch and Chhatwal, Meyha and David, Ryan Mark and Setiawan, I. Putu Gede and Lekakul, Great and Borsan, Vanessa Nina and Nguqu, Nozuko and Savage, Patrick E.}
}
