@article {330187,
	title = {Ancient DNA and deep population structure in sub-Saharan African foragers.},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {603},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022 Mar},
	pages = {290-296},
	abstract = {<p>Multiple lines of genetic and archaeological evidence suggest that there were major demographic changes in the terminal Late Pleistocene epoch and early Holocene epoch of sub-Saharan Africa. Inferences about this period are challenging to make because demographic shifts in the past 5,000 years have obscured the structures of more ancient populations. Here we present genome-wide ancient DNA data for six individuals from eastern and south-central Africa spanning the past approximately\&nbsp;18,000 years (doubling the time depth of sub-Saharan African ancient DNA), increase the data quality for 15 previously published ancient individuals and analyse these alongside data from 13 other published ancient individuals. The ancestry of the individuals in our study area can be modelled as a geographically structured mixture of three highly divergent source populations, probably reflecting Pleistocene interactions around 80-20 thousand years ago, including deeply diverged eastern and southern African lineages, plus a previously unappreciated ubiquitous distribution of ancestry that occurs in highest proportion today in\&nbsp;central\&nbsp;African rainforest hunter-gatherers. Once established, this structure remained highly stable, with limited long-range gene flow. These results provide a new line of genetic evidence in support of hypotheses that have emerged from archaeological analyses but remain contested, suggesting increasing regionalization at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.</p>
},
	keywords = {Africa South of the Sahara, Archaeology, Black People, DNA, Ancient, Gene Flow, Genetics, Population, Genome, Human, History, Ancient, Humans},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-04430-9},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8907066/pdf/41586_2022_Article_4430.pdf},
	author = {Lipson, Mark and Sawchuk, Elizabeth A and Thompson, Jessica C and Oppenheimer, Jonas and Tryon, Christian A and Ranhorn, Kathryn L and de Luna, Kathryn M and Sirak, Kendra A and Olalde, I{\~n}igo and Ambrose, Stanley H and Arthur, John W and Arthur, Kathryn J W and Ayodo, George and Bertacchi, Alex and Cerezo-Rom{\'a}n, Jessica I and Culleton, Brendan J and Curtis, Matthew C and Davis, Jacob and Gidna, Agness O and Hanson, Annalys and Kaliba, Potiphar and Katongo, Maggie and Kwekason, Amandus and Laird, Myra F and Lewis, Jason and Mabulla, Audax Z P and Mapemba, Fredrick and Morris, Alan and Mudenda, George and Mwafulirwa, Raphael and Mwangomba, Daudi and Ndiema, Emmanuel and Ogola, Christine and Schilt, Flora and Willoughby, Pamela R and Wright, David K and Zipkin, Andrew and Pinhasi, Ron and Kennett, Douglas J and Manthi, Fredrick Kyalo and Rohland, Nadin and Patterson, Nick and Reich, David and Prendergast, Mary E}
}
