@book {5542,
	title = {Why We Cooperate},
	series = {Boston Review},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {206},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	organization = {MIT Press},
	address = {Cambridge},
	abstract = {<p>Drop something in front of a two-year-old, and she{\textquoteright}s likely to pick it up for you. This is not a learned behavior, psychologist Michael Tomasello argues. Through observations of young children in experiments he himself has designed, Tomasello shows that children are naturally{\textemdash}and uniquely{\textemdash}cooperative. Put through similar experiments, for example, apes demonstrate the ability to work together and share, but choose not to.As children grow, their almost reflexive desire to help{\textemdash}without expectation of reward{\textemdash}becomes shaped by culture. They become more aware of being a member of a group. Groups convey mutual expectations, and thus may either encourage or discourage altruism and collaboration. Either way, cooperation emerges as a distinctly human combination of innate and learned behavior.In Why We Cooperate, Tomasello{\textquoteright}s studies of young children and great apes help identify the underlying psychological processes that very likely supported humans{\textquoteright} earliest forms of complex collaboration and, ultimately, our unique forms of cultural organization, from the evolution of tolerance and trust to the creation of such group-level structures as cultural norms and institutions.Scholars Carol Dweck, Joan Silk, Brian Skyrms, and Elizabeth Spelke respond to Tomasello{\textquoteright}s findings and explore the implications.\&nbsp; --"Based on the 2008 Tanner lectures on human values at Stanford."</p>
},
	keywords = {Altruism, Cooperativeness, Helping behavior, Social norms.},
	isbn = {9780262013598 },
	url = {http://lccn.loc.gov/2009019631},
	author = {Tomasello, Michael}
}
