<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hayakawa, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Satta, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gagneux, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajit Varki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Takahata, N.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alu-mediated inactivation of the human CMP- N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alu Elements/*genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Base Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gorilla gorilla/genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hylobates/genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macaca mulatta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mixed Function Oxygenases/*genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pan troglodytes/genetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymeras</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep 25</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11562455</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001/09/20</style></edition><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11399-404</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0027-8424 (Print)0027-84</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Inactivation of the CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene has provided an example of human-specific genomic mutation that results in a widespread biochemical difference between human and nonhuman primates. We have found that, although a region containing a 92-bp exon and an AluSq element in the hydroxylase gene is intact in all nonhuman primates examined, the same region in the human genome is replaced by an AluY element that was disseminated at least one million years ago. We propose a mechanistic model for this Alu-mediated replacement event, which deleted the 92-bp exon and thus inactivated the human hydroxylase gene. It is suggested that Alu elements have played potentially important roles in genotypic and phenotypic evolution in the hominid lineage.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&#039;t</style></work-type><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 25;98(20):11399-404. Epub 2001 Sep 18.&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58741</style></custom2><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Biosystems Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan.</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>