<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penn, D. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holyoak, K. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Povinelli, D. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Darwin&#039;s mistake: explaining the discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behav Brain Sci</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Behavioral and brain sciences</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain/*physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognition/*physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pan troglodytes/*physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Space perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Symbolism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wild/physiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18479531</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008/05/16</style></edition><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109-30; discussion 130-178</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1469-1825 (Electronic)01</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Over the last quarter century, the dominant tendency in comparative cognitive psychology has been to emphasize the similarities between human and nonhuman minds and to downplay the differences as &amp;quot;one of degree and not of kind&amp;quot; (Darwin 1871). In the present target article, we argue that Darwin was mistaken: the profound biological continuity between human and nonhuman animals masks an equally profound discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds. To wit, there is a significant discontinuity in the degree to which human and nonhuman animals are able to approximate the higher-order, systematic, relational capabilities of a physical symbol system (PSS) (Newell 1980). We show that this symbolic-relational discontinuity pervades nearly every domain of cognition and runs much deeper than even the spectacular scaffolding provided by language or culture alone can explain. We propose a representational-level specification as to where human and nonhuman animals&#039; abilities to approximate a PSS are similar and where they differ. We conclude by suggesting that recent symbolic-connectionist models of cognition shed new light on the mechanisms that underlie the gap between human and nonhuman minds.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov&#039;tReview</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18479531</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Behav Brain Sci. 2008 Apr;31(2):109-30; discussion 130-178.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. dcpenn@ucla.edu</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>