<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiang, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reiss, A. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, A. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellugi, U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galaburda, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korenberg, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mills, D. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toga, A. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thompson, P. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3D pattern of brain abnormalities in Williams syndrome visualized using tensor-based morphometry</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroimage</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NeuroImage</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Image Processing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Imaging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Magnetic Resonance Imaging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atrophy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain/*pathology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebral/physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer-Assisted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intelligence/physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Three-Dimensional</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams Syndr</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jul 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17512756</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007/05/22</style></edition><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1096-109</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1053-8119 (Print)1053-81</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with deletion of approximately 20 contiguous genes in chromosome band 7q11.23. Individuals with WS exhibit mild to moderate mental retardation, but are relatively more proficient in specific language and musical abilities. We used tensor-based morphometry (TBM) to visualize the complex pattern of gray/white matter reductions in WS, based on fluid registration of structural brain images. METHODS: 3D T1-weighted brain MRIs of 41 WS subjects (age [mean+/-SD]: 29.2+/-9.2 years; 23F/18M) and 39 age-matched healthy controls (age: 27.5+/-7.4 years; 23F/16M) were fluidly registered to a minimum deformation target. Fine-scale volumetric differences were mapped between diagnostic groups. Local regions were identified where regional structure volumes were associated with diagnosis, and with intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Brain asymmetry was also mapped and compared between diagnostic groups. RESULTS: WS subjects exhibited widely distributed brain volume reductions (approximately 10-15% reduction; P&amp;lt;0.0002, permutation test). After adjusting for total brain volume, the frontal lobes, anterior cingulate, superior temporal gyrus, amygdala, fusiform gyrus and cerebellum were found to be relatively preserved in WS, but parietal and occipital lobes, thalamus and basal ganglia, and midbrain were disproportionally decreased in volume (P&amp;lt;0.0002). These regional volumes also correlated positively with performance IQ in adult WS subjects (age &amp;gt; or = 30 years, P = 0.038). CONCLUSION: TBM facilitates 3D visualization of brain volume reductions in WS. Reduced parietal/occipital volumes may be associated with visuospatial deficits in WS. By contrast, frontal lobes, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus are relatively preserved or even enlarged, consistent with unusual affect regulation and language production in WS.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov&#039;t</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17512756</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Neuroimage. 2007 Jul 15;36(4):1096-109. Epub 2007 Apr 20.&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2713103</style></custom2><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Brain Mapping Division, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7332, USA.</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>