<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mobbs, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eckert, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mills, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korenberg, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellugi, U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Galaburda, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reiss, A. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontostriatal dysfunction during response inhibition in Williams syndrome</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biol Psychiatry</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological psychiatry</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Inhibition (Psychology)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attention/physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Case-Control Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Discrimination Learning/*physiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontal Lobe/physiology/*physiopathology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matched-Pair Analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug 1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16996488</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006/09/26</style></edition><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">62</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">256-61</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0006-3223 (Print)0006-32</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;BACKGROUND: Williams syndrome (WS) has provided researchers with an exciting opportunity to understand the complex interplay among genes, neurobiological and cognitive functions. However, despite a well-characterized cognitive and behavioral phenotype, little attention has been paid to the marked deficits in social and behavioral inhibition. Here we explore the neural systems that mediate response inhibition in WS. METHODS: We used functional MRI (fMRI) to obtain blood oxygenation level dependence (BOLD) signal maps during the performance of a Go/NoGo response inhibition task from 11 clinically and genetically diagnosed WS patients and 11 age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) control subjects. Correlations between behavioral, neuropsychological measures, and BOLD signal were also conducted. RESULTS: Although TD control subjects showed significantly faster response times, no group differences in behavioral accuracy were observed. Compared with control subjects, WS participants demonstrated significantly reduced activity in the striatum, dorsolateral prefrontal, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortices. These findings support the hypothesis that persons with WS fail to activate critical cortical and subcortical structures involved in behavioral inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide important evidence for reduced engagement of the frontostriatal circuits in WS and provide putative biological markers for the deficits in response inhibition and the unusual social phenotype.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16996488</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Aug 1;62(3):256-61. Epub 2006 Sep 25.&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5719, USA.</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>