<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Egan, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silk, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamarripa, F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Federico, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cunnington, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carabott, L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blair-West, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shade, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKinley, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Farrell, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancaster, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jackson, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fox, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Denton, D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neural correlates of the emergence of consciousness of thirst.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebellum/pathology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebral Cortex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebrovascular Circulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer-Assisted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gyrus Cinguli/pathology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Image Processing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxygen Radioisotopes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saline Solu</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dec 9</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC299974/</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15241-6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Thirst was induced by rapid i.v. infusion of hypertonic saline (0.51 M at 13.4 ml/min). Ten humans were neuroimaged by positron-emission tomography (PET) and four by functional MRI (fMRI). PET images were made 25 min after beginning infusion, when the sensation of thirst began to enter the stream of consciousness. The fMRI images were made when the maximum rate of increase of thirst occurred. The PET results showed regional cerebral blood flow changes similar to those delineated when thirst was maximal. These loci involved the phylogenetically ancient areas of the brain. fMRI showed activation in the anterior wall of the third ventricle, an area that is key in the genesis of thirst but is not an area revealed by PET imaging. Thus, this region plays as major a role in thirst for humans as for animals. Strong activations in the brain with fMRI included the anterior cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus, inferior and middle frontal gyri, insula, and cerebellum. When the subjects drank water to satiation, thirst declined immediately to baseline. A precipitate decline in intensity of activation signal occurred in the anterior cingulate area (Brodmann area 32) putatively related to consciousness of thirst. The intensity of activation in the anterior wall of the third ventricle was essentially unchanged, which is consistent with the fact that a significant time (15-20 min) would be needed before plasma Na concentration changed as a result of water absorption from the gut.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14657368</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 9;100(25):15241-6. Epub 2003 Dec 1.&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. g.egan@hfi.unimelb.edu.au</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>