<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fumagalli, Matteo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moltke, Ida</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grarup, Niels</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Racimo, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bjerregaard, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jørgensen, Marit E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Korneliussen, Thorfinn S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerbault, Pascale</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skotte, Line</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linneberg, Allan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christensen, Cramer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brandslund, Ivan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jørgensen, Torben</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huerta-Sánchez, Emilia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, Erik B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedersen, Oluf</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hansen, Torben</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albrechtsen, Anders</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nielsen, Rasmus</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greenlandic Inuit show genetic signatures of diet and climate adaptation.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acclimatization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alleles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arctic Regions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Height</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Weight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diet, High-Fat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fatty Acids, Omega-3</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Loci</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome, Human</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome-Wide Association Study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greenland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inuits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linkage Disequilibrium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Membrane Lipids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selection, Genetic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Sep 18</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6254/1343</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">349</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1343-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The indigenous people of Greenland, the Inuit, have lived for a long time in the extreme conditions of the Arctic, including low annual temperatures, and with a specialized diet rich in protein and fatty acids, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A scan of Inuit genomes for signatures of adaptation revealed signals at several loci, with the strongest signal located in a cluster of fatty acid desaturases that determine PUFA levels. The selected alleles are associated with multiple metabolic and anthropometric phenotypes and have large effect sizes for weight and height, with the effect on height replicated in Europeans. By analyzing membrane lipids, we found that the selected alleles modulate fatty acid composition, which may affect the regulation of growth hormones. Thus, the Inuit have genetic and physiological adaptations to a diet rich in PUFAs.&lt;/p&gt;
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