<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Batini, Chiara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hallast, Pille</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zadik, Daniel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delser, Pierpaolo Maisano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benazzo, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghirotto, Silvia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arroyo-Pardo, Eduardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cavalleri, Gianpiero L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Knijff, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dupuy, Berit Myhre</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eriksen, Heidi A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">King, Turi E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López de Munain, Adolfo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">López-Parra, Ana M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loutradis, Aphrodite</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milasin, Jelena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Novelletto, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pamjav, Horolma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sajantila, Antti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tolun, Aslıhan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winney, Bruce</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jobling, Mark A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Large-scale recent expansion of European patrilineages shown by population resequencing.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat Commun</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat Commun</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bayes Theorem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer Simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Demography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Mitochondrial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emigration and immigration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethnic groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Europe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Continental Ancestry Group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetics, Population</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genomics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haplotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History, Ancient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle East</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mutation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Analysis, DNA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25988751</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7152</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The proportion of Europeans descending from Neolithic farmers ∼ 10 thousand years ago (KYA) or Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers has been much debated. The male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) has been widely applied to this question, but unbiased estimates of diversity and time depth have been lacking. Here we show that European patrilineages underwent a recent continent-wide expansion. Resequencing of 3.7 Mb of MSY DNA in 334 males, comprising 17 European and Middle Eastern populations, defines a phylogeny containing 5,996 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Dating indicates that three major lineages (I1, R1a and R1b), accounting for 64% of our sample, have very recent coalescent times, ranging between 3.5 and 7.3 KYA. A continuous swathe of 13/17 populations share similar histories featuring a demographic expansion starting ∼ 2.1-4.2 KYA. Our results are compatible with ancient MSY DNA data, and contrast with data on mitochondrial DNA, indicating a widespread male-specific phenomenon that focuses interest on the social structure of Bronze Age Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150519/ncomms8152/full/ncomms8152.html</style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25988751?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>