<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perry, George H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orlando, Ludovic</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ancient DNA and human evolution.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Hum Evol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Hum. Evol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fossils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hominidae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paleontology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25619123</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-3</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot; id=&quot;p0010&quot;&gt;[Editorial review]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot;&gt;We are in the midst of a true revolution in ancient DNA research, with an explosion of discoveries that have revealed major new insights into our recent and deeper evolutionary past. This field recently produced publications of high quality nuclear genome sequences for two different archaic hominins &amp;ndash; one Neandertal and one &amp;lsquo;Denisovan&amp;rsquo; (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib18&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib18&quot; name=&quot;bbib18&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Meyer et&amp;nbsp;al., 2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib25&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib25&quot; name=&quot;bbib25&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Prüfer et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). In 2014 alone, there have been papers describing a divergent mitochondrial DNA sequence from a Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominin (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib19&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib19&quot; name=&quot;bbib19&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Meyer et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;); non-neutral patterns of Neandertal nuclear genomic introgression into the modern human gene pool (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib30&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib30&quot; name=&quot;bbib30&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Sankararaman et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib34&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib34&quot; name=&quot;bbib34&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Vernot and Akey, 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;); &amp;lsquo;exomes&amp;rsquo; &amp;ndash; gene coding regions across the genome &amp;ndash; from an additional two Neandertal individuals (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib4&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib4&quot; name=&quot;bbib4&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Castellano et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;); a high quality nuclear genome from an early Eurasian anatomically modern human (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib7&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib7&quot; name=&quot;bbib7&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Fu et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;); a medium quality nuclear genome from a Clovis culture individual from Montana (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib28&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib28&quot; name=&quot;bbib28&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Rasmussen et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;); draft nuclear genomes from Late Pleistocene anatomically modern humans who lived &amp;sim;36 kya (thousands of years ago) in Russia (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib31&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib31&quot; name=&quot;bbib31&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Seguin-Orlando et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) and &amp;sim;24 kya in central Siberia (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib27&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib27&quot; name=&quot;bbib27&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Raghavan et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;); multiple nuclear genomic datasets from Mesolithic and Neolithic Europeans (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib14&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib14&quot; name=&quot;bbib14&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Lazaridis et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib20&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib20&quot; name=&quot;bbib20&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Olalde et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib32&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib32&quot; name=&quot;bbib32&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Skoglund et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), various Paleo-Eskimo cultures (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib26&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib26&quot; name=&quot;bbib26&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Raghavan et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), and historical Amerindians (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib15&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib15&quot; name=&quot;bbib15&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Malaspinas et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;); and numerous insightful analyses of these now-available data (e.g., &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib5&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib5&quot; name=&quot;bbib5&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Ding et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib10&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib10&quot; name=&quot;bbib10&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Huerta-Sanchez et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib11&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib11&quot; name=&quot;bbib11&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Hughes et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib12&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib12&quot; name=&quot;bbib12&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Khrameeva et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). Considering recent technological advances and decreasing sequencing costs, the 2015 list of ancient human and archaic hominin genomes is confidently expected to be even longer.&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot; id=&quot;p0015&quot;&gt;The purpose of this special issue is to capture this moment with a collection of review and primary data articles representing the ancient DNA field as it relates to human and broader primate evolution. The series begins with a review of the history of paleogenomics research and the resulting major recent advances in our understandings of archaic hominin evolutionary biology and population history, anatomically modern human dispersals, ecological interactions and adaptation, and the reconstruction of paleoenvironments, among others (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib6&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib6&quot; name=&quot;bbib6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Ermini et&amp;nbsp;al., 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). Two articles review and describe the technological and ancient DNA methodological advances that have facilitated these recent discoveries (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib16&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib16&quot; name=&quot;bbib16&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Marciniak et&amp;nbsp;al., 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), with one focusing specifically on the application of these tools to the vast historical museum collections of non-human primates and other taxa (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib3&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib3&quot; name=&quot;bbib3&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Burrell et&amp;nbsp;al., 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). Related to this interest, Kistler and colleagues (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib13&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib13&quot; name=&quot;bbib13&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) present a comparative and population genomic study of the extinct, giant &amp;lsquo;subfossil&amp;rsquo; lemurs of Madagascar. Two articles describe paleogenomic approaches for studying the evolutionary history and timing of hominin genetic and phenotypic change (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib24&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib24&quot; name=&quot;bbib24&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Perry et&amp;nbsp;al., 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib29&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib29&quot; name=&quot;bbib29&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Sams et&amp;nbsp;al., 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot; id=&quot;p0020&quot;&gt;The issue also includes reviews of ancient DNA-related insights into human population history in Europe (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib2&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib2&quot; name=&quot;bbib2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Brandt et&amp;nbsp;al., 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) and Polynesia (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib17&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib17&quot; name=&quot;bbib17&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Matisoo-Smith, 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), and Witt and colleagues (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib37&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib37&quot; name=&quot;bbib37&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) present a canine ancient DNA study that informs our understanding of the human population history of the Americas. Indeed, the relevance of ancient DNA studies to human evolution is not at all restricted to direct analyses of hominin genomes, as further illustrated by reviews of ancient DNA studies of dental calculus (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib36&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib36&quot; name=&quot;bbib36&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Weyrich et&amp;nbsp;al., 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), fecal and other microbiomes (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib35&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib35&quot; name=&quot;bbib35&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Warinner et&amp;nbsp;al., 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), pathogens (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib9&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib9&quot; name=&quot;bbib9&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Harkins and Stone, 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), and hominin-plant co-evolutionary processes (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib1&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib1&quot; name=&quot;bbib1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Allaby et&amp;nbsp;al., 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). These papers showcase how ancient DNA studies of our microbes, or other taxa with which we are intimately associated, can indirectly document human evolutionary history.&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot; id=&quot;p0025&quot;&gt;The articles in this special issue highlight the diversity of paleogenomic applications that can advance our understanding of human and broader primate evolution, and how these might develop over the coming years. With ongoing technical and analytical advances, including improvements in the ability to isolate endogenous DNA from exogenous contamination (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib33&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib33&quot; name=&quot;bbib33&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Skoglund et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) and the ability to obtain DNA sequences from increasingly ancient remains (currently up to the Middle Pleistocene; &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib21&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib21&quot; name=&quot;bbib21&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Orlando et&amp;nbsp;al., 2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib19&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib19&quot; name=&quot;bbib19&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Meyer et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), we can anticipate a continuing slate of valuable ancient DNA developments and results that will be of interest to &lt;em&gt;Journal of Human Evolution&lt;/em&gt; readers.&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot; id=&quot;p0030&quot;&gt;While we cannot be certain that DNA sequence data can be obtained for &lt;em&gt;Homo floresiensis&lt;/em&gt;, we also cannot exclude the possibility, as looking a few years back, it is clear that feats previously considered impossible have now been achieved. Moreover, while recent studies have focused primarily on the analysis of a limited number of genomes, we can anticipate that future studies will increasingly involve the analysis of genome sequencing and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) datasets at the population scale. For example, there is the strong likelihood that the field will generate a greatly expanded sense of Neandertal spatiotemporal genomic diversity over the next five years. Such developments will advance the power and precision with which we can describe past population histories and demographic events, including subtle and complex patterns of admixture, across a broad range of historical and archeological contexts.&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot; id=&quot;p0035&quot;&gt;With nonzero levels of admixture between some of our modern human ancestors and Neandertals and Denisovans, it is also possible to reconstruct aspects of archaic hominin soft tissue and cell biology by studying the effects of introgressed or shared ancestral alleles on modern human phenotypic variation. An excellent recent example of this approach is the discovery that an allele that confers a fitness benefit to high-altitude Tibetan modern human populations likely originally introgressed from Denisovans (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib10&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib10&quot; name=&quot;bbib10&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Huerta-Sanchez et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;). Looking forward, such analyses will likely be more systematic, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches and even taking advantage of the extensive existing database of human GWAS results. Phenotypic interpretations will be further enhanced by paleogenomic advances in the characterization of genome-wide epigenetic variation among archaic hominins and prehistoric and living anatomically modern humans (e.g., DNA methylation maps: &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib8&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib8&quot; name=&quot;bbib8&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Gokhman et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;; nucleosome maps: &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib23&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib23&quot; name=&quot;bbib23&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Pedersen et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), which in turn can be used to predict patterns of gene expression variation and evolution (&lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib22&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib22&quot; name=&quot;bbib22&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Orlando and Willerslev, 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;anchor anchor-primary&quot; data-sd-ui-side-panel-opener=&quot;true&quot; data-xocs-content-id=&quot;bib23&quot; data-xocs-content-type=&quot;reference&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991?via%3Dihub#bib23&quot; name=&quot;bbib23&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text-container&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;anchor-text&quot;&gt;Pedersen et&amp;nbsp;al., 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;u-margin-s-bottom&quot; id=&quot;p0040&quot;&gt;It is thus, undoubtedly, a very exciting time for paleoanthropologists and anyone interested in the study of human and broader primate evolution, which we hope is clearly demonstrated throughout this special issue in a manner that is approachable for geneticists and non-geneticists alike.&lt;/div&gt;
</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248414002991#&lt;/p&gt;
</style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25619123?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom1></record></records></xml>