<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joordens, Josephine C A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D&#039;Errico, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wesselingh, Frank P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Munro, Stephen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Vos, John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wallinga, Jakob</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ankjærgaard, Christina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reimann, Tony</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wijbrans, Jan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuiper, Klaudia F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mücher, Herman J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coqueugniot, Hélène</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prié, Vincent</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joosten, Ineke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Os, Bertil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schulp, Anne S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panuel, Michel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van der Haas, Victoria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lustenhouwer, Wim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reijmer, John J G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roebroeks, Wil</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Shells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engraving and Engravings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fossils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">History, Ancient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hominidae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indonesia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mollusca</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tool Use Behavior</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015 Feb 12</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25470048</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">518</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">228-31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The manufacture of geometric engravings is generally interpreted as indicative of modern cognition and behaviour. Key questions in the debate on the origin of such behaviour are whether this innovation is restricted to Homo sapiens, and whether it has a uniquely African origin. Here we report on a fossil freshwater shell assemblage from the Hauptknochenschicht (&#039;main bone layer&#039;) of Trinil (Java, Indonesia), the type locality of Homo erectus discovered by Eugène Dubois in 1891 (refs 2 and 3). In the Dubois collection (in the Naturalis museum, Leiden, The Netherlands) we found evidence for freshwater shellfish consumption by hominins, one unambiguous shell tool, and a shell with a geometric engraving. We dated sediment contained in the shells with (40)Ar/(39)Ar and luminescence dating methods, obtaining a maximum age of 0.54&amp;nbsp;±&amp;nbsp;0.10 million years and a minimum age of 0.43&amp;nbsp;±&amp;nbsp;0.05 million years. This implies that the Trinil Hauptknochenschicht is younger than previously estimated. Together, our data indicate that the engraving was made by Homo erectus, and that it is considerably older than the oldest geometric engravings described so far. Although it is at present not possible to assess the function or meaning of the engraved shell, this discovery suggests that engraving abstract patterns was in the realm of Asian Homo erectus cognition and neuromotor control.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7538</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature13962.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20141204&lt;/p&gt;
</style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25470048?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
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