<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moeller, Andrew H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Yingying</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mpoudi Ngole, Eitel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pusey, Anne E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peeters, Martine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hahn, Beatrice H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ochman, Howard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapid changes in the gut microbiome during human evolution.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Africa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Americas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacteria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Speciation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hominidae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intestines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life Style</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbiota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban Population</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venezuela</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Nov 18</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25368157</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16431-5</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Humans are ecosystems containing trillions of microorganisms, but the evolutionary history of this microbiome is obscured by a lack of knowledge about microbiomes of African apes. We sequenced the gut communities of hundreds of chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas and developed a phylogenetic approach to reconstruct how present-day human microbiomes have diverged from those of ancestral populations. Compositional change in the microbiome was slow and clock-like during African ape diversification, but human microbiomes have deviated from the ancestral state at an accelerated rate. Relative to the microbiomes of wild apes, human microbiomes have lost ancestral microbial diversity while becoming specialized for animal-based diets. Individual wild apes cultivate more phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species of bacteria than do individual humans across a range of societies. These results indicate that humanity has experienced a depletion of the gut flora since diverging from Pan.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/10/29/1419136111.abstract?sid=5db4974c-13b4-4e76-a7d6-05de0010dc60&lt;/p&gt;
</style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25368157?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
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