<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott, Isabel M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clark, Andrew P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Josephson, Steven C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boyette, Adam H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuthill, Innes C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fried, Ruby L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibson, Mhairi A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hewlett, Barry S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jamieson, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jankowiak, William</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Honey, P Lynne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, Zejun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liebert, Melissa A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Purzycki, Benjamin G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaver, John H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snodgrass, J Josh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sosis, Richard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sugiyama, Lawrence S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swami, Viren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu, Douglas W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, Yangke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penton-Voak, Ian S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human preferences for sexually dimorphic faces may be evolutionarily novel.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beauty</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choice Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-cultural comparison</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Face</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Least-Squares Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masculinity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Personality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regression Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visual perception</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Oct 7</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25246593</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14388-93</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A large literature proposes that preferences for exaggerated sex typicality in human faces (masculinity/femininity) reflect a long evolutionary history of sexual and social selection. This proposal implies that dimorphism was important to judgments of attractiveness and personality in ancestral environments. It is difficult to evaluate, however, because most available data come from large-scale, industrialized, urban populations. Here, we report the results for 12 populations with very diverse levels of economic development. Surprisingly, preferences for exaggerated sex-specific traits are only found in the novel, highly developed environments. Similarly, perceptions that masculine males look aggressive increase strongly with development and, specifically, urbanization. These data challenge the hypothesis that facial dimorphism was an important ancestral signal of heritable mate value. One possibility is that highly developed environments provide novel opportunities to discern relationships between facial traits and behavior by exposing individuals to large numbers of unfamiliar faces, revealing patterns too subtle to detect with smaller samples.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">40</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.pnas.org/content/111/40/14388.abstract.html?etoc</style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25246593?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>