<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kitchen, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Denton, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brent, L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-recognition and abstraction abilities in the common chimpanzee studied with distorting mirrors.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exploratory Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Face</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Form Perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habituation, Psychophysiologic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Motor Activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Movement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pan troglodytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perceptual Distortion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thinking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vision, Ocular</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996 Jul 9</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8693006</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">93</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7405-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The reactions of chimpanzees to regular mirrors and the results of the standard Gallup mark test have been well documented. In addition to using the mark test to demonstrate self-recognition in a regular mirror, we exposed six female chimpanzees to mirrors that produced distorted or multiplied self-images. Their reactions to their self-images, in terms of mirror-guided self-referenced behaviors, indicated that correct assessment of the source of the mirror image was made by each subject in each of the mirrors. Recognition of a distorted self-image implies an ability for abstraction in the subjects in that the distortion must be rationalized before self-recognition occurs. The implications of these results in terms of illuminating the relative importance of feature and contingency of movement cues to self-recognition are discussed.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC38997/</style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8693006?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>