<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Schaik, Carel P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Damerius, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isler, Karin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wild orangutan males plan and communicate their travel direction one day in advance.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS One</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals, Wild</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pongo abelii</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sexual Behavior, Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vocalization, Animal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040357</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e74896</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The ability to plan for the future beyond immediate needs would be adaptive to many animal species, but is widely thought to be uniquely human. Although studies in captivity have shown that great apes are capable of planning for future needs, it is unknown whether and how they use this ability in the wild. Flanged male Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) emit long calls, which females use to maintain earshot associations with them. We tested whether long calls serve to communicate a male&#039;s ever-changing predominant travel direction to facilitate maintaining these associations. We found that the direction in which a flanged male emits his long calls predicts his subsequent travel direction for many hours, and that a new call indicates a change in his main travel direction. Long calls given at or near the night nest indicate travel direction better than random until late afternoon on the next day. These results show that male orangutans make their travel plans well in advance and announce them to conspecifics. We suggest that such a planning ability is likely to be adaptive for great apes, as well as in other taxa.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0074896</style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040357?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>