<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilde, Sandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timpson, Adrian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kirsanow, Karola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaiser, Elke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kayser, Manfred</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unterländer, Martina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hollfelder, Nina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potekhina, Inna D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schier, Wolfram</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas, Mark G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burger, Joachim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Direct evidence for positive selection of skin, hair, and eye pigmentation in Europeans during the last 5,000 y.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alleles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antigens, Neoplasm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Continental Ancestry Group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eye Color</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene Frequency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hair Color</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Membrane Transport Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selection, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skin Pigmentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Apr 1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24616518</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4832-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Pigmentation is a polygenic trait encompassing some of the most visible phenotypic variation observed in humans. Here we present direct estimates of selection acting on functional alleles in three key genes known to be involved in human pigmentation pathways--HERC2, SLC45A2, and TYR--using allele frequency estimates from Eneolithic, Bronze Age, and modern Eastern European samples and forward simulations. Neutrality was overwhelmingly rejected for all alleles studied, with point estimates of selection ranging from around 2-10% per generation. Our results provide direct evidence that strong selection favoring lighter skin, hair, and eye pigmentation has been operating in European populations over the last 5,000 y.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/03/05/1316513111.abstract?sid=faeaa34b-eb1f-4403-a249-28f5badb7c1b</style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24616518?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>