<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geschwind, Daniel H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rakic, Pasko</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortical evolution: judge the brain by its cover.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuron</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuron</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebral Cortex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neurons</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013 Oct 30</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24183016</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">633-47</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;To understand the emergence of human higher cognition, we must understand its biological substrate--the cerebral cortex, which considers itself the crowning achievement of evolution. Here, we describe how advances in developmental neurobiology, coupled with those in genetics, including adaptive protein evolution via gene duplications and the emergence of novel regulatory elements, can provide insights into the evolutionary mechanisms culminating in the human cerebrum. Given that the massive expansion of the cortical surface and elaboration of its connections in humans originates from developmental events, understanding the genetic regulation of cell number, neuronal migration to proper layers, columns, and regions, and ultimately their differentiation into specific phenotypes, is critical. The pre- and postnatal environment also interacts with the cellular substrate to yield a basic network that is refined via selection and elimination of synaptic connections, a process that is prolonged in humans. This knowledge provides essential insight into the pathogenesis of human-specific neuropsychiatric disorders.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0896627313009975/1-s2.0-S0896627313009975-main.pdf?_tid=b7e3308c-520c-11e3-a8b9-00000aab0f26&amp;acdnat=1384970213_d22a7d0bc7c2b82b9a7655faef4b948d</style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24183016?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>