<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attanasio, Catia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nord, Alex S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhu, Yiwen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blow, Matthew J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Zirong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liberton, Denise K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morrison, Harris</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plajzer-Frick, Ingrid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holt, Amy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hosseini, Roya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phouanenavong, Sengthavy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akiyama, Jennifer A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shoukry, Malak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afzal, Veena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rubin, Edward M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FitzPatrick, David R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ren, Bing</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hallgrímsson, Benedikt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pennacchio, Len A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visel, Axel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fine tuning of craniofacial morphology by distant-acting enhancers.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craniofacial Abnormalities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enhancer Elements, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epigenesis, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Face</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene Expression Profiling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene Targeting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maxillofacial Development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice, Transgenic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Deletion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skull</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013 Oct 25</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159046</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">342</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1241006</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The shape of the human face and skull is largely genetically determined. However, the genomic basis of craniofacial morphology is incompletely understood and hypothesized to involve protein-coding genes, as well as gene regulatory sequences. We used a combination of epigenomic profiling, in vivo characterization of candidate enhancer sequences in transgenic mice, and targeted deletion experiments to examine the role of distant-acting enhancers in craniofacial development. We identified complex regulatory landscapes consisting of enhancers that drive spatially complex developmental expression patterns. Analysis of mouse lines in which individual craniofacial enhancers had been deleted revealed significant alterations of craniofacial shape, demonstrating the functional importance of enhancers in defining face and skull morphology. These results demonstrate that enhancers are involved in craniofacial development and suggest that enhancer sequence variation contributes to the diversity of human facial morphology.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6157</style></issue><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6157/1241006.full?sid=5f1e7fc8-b58e-4893-ba09-966f5c05e316</style></notes><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159046?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>