<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roebroeks, Wil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soressi, Marie</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neandertals revised</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016/06/06</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/06/03/1521269113</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The last decade has seen a significant growth of our knowledge of the Neandertals, a population of&lt;br /&gt;
Pleistocene hunter-gatherers who lived in (western) Eurasia between ∼400,000 and 40,000 y ago. Starting&lt;br /&gt;
from a source population deep in the Middle Pleistocene, the hundreds of thousands of years of relative&lt;br /&gt;
separation between African and Eurasian groups led to the emergence of different phenotypes in Late&lt;br /&gt;
Pleistocene Europe and Africa. Both recently obtained genetic evidence and archeological data show that&lt;br /&gt;
the biological and cultural gaps between these populations were probably smaller than previously&lt;br /&gt;
thought. These data, reviewed here, falsify inferences to the effect that, compared with their near-modern&lt;br /&gt;
contemporaries in Africa, Neandertals were outliers in terms of behavioral complexity. It is only around&lt;br /&gt;
40,000 y ago, tens of thousands of years after anatomically modern humans first left Africa and thousands&lt;br /&gt;
of years after documented interbreeding between modern humans, Neandertals and Denisovans, that we&lt;br /&gt;
see major changes in the archeological record, from western Eurasia to Southeast Asia, e.g., the emergence&lt;br /&gt;
of representational imagery and the colonization of arctic areas and of greater Australia (Sahul).&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;10.1073/pnas.1521269113&lt;/p&gt;
</style></notes></record></records></xml>