<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dembo, Mana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radovcic, Davorka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garvin, Heather M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laird, Myra F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schroeder, Lauren</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott, Jill E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brophy, Juliet</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ackermann, Rebecca R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Musiba, Chares M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">de Ruiter, Darryl J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mooers, Arne Ø.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collard, Mark</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The evolutionary relationships and age of Homo naledi: An assessment using dated Bayesian phylogenetic methods</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Human Evolution</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bayesian phylogenetic analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dinaledi hominins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genus Homo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphological clock</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016/8//</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248416300100</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17 - 26</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0047-2484</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Homo naledi&lt;/em&gt; is a recently discovered species of fossil hominin from South Africa. A considerable amount is already known about &lt;em&gt;H.&amp;nbsp;naledi&lt;/em&gt; but some important questions remain unanswered. Here we report a study that addressed two of them: “Where does H.&amp;nbsp;naledi fit in the hominin evolutionary tree?” and “How old is it?” We used a large supermatrix of craniodental characters for both early and late hominin species and Bayesian phylogenetic techniques to carry out three analyses. First, we performed a dated Bayesian analysis to generate estimates of the evolutionary relationships of fossil hominins including &lt;em&gt;H.&amp;nbsp;naledi&lt;/em&gt;. Then we employed Bayes factor tests to compare the strength of support for hypotheses about the relationships of &lt;em&gt;H.&amp;nbsp;naledi&lt;/em&gt; suggested by the best-estimate trees. Lastly, we carried out a resampling analysis to assess the accuracy of the age estimate for H.&amp;nbsp;naledi yielded by the dated Bayesian analysis. The analyses strongly supported the hypothesis that &lt;em&gt;H.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;naled&lt;/em&gt;i forms a clade with the other &lt;em&gt;Homo&lt;/em&gt; species and &lt;em&gt;Australopithecus sediba&lt;/em&gt;. The analyses were more ambiguous regarding the position of &lt;em&gt;H.&amp;nbsp;naledi&lt;/em&gt; within the (&lt;em&gt;Homo, Au. sediba&lt;/em&gt;) clade. A number of hypotheses were rejected, but several others were not. Based on the available craniodental data, &lt;em&gt;Homo antecessor&lt;/em&gt;, Asian &lt;em&gt;Homo erectus&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Homo habilis&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Homo floresiensis&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Homo sapiens&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Au. sediba&lt;/em&gt; could all be the sister taxon of &lt;em&gt;H.&amp;nbsp;naledi&lt;/em&gt;. According to the dated Bayesian analysis, the most likely age for &lt;em&gt;H.&amp;nbsp;naledi&lt;/em&gt; is 912&amp;nbsp;ka. This age estimate was supported by the resampling analysis. Our findings have a number of implications. Most notably, they support the assignment of the new specimens to &lt;em&gt;Homo&lt;/em&gt;, cast doubt on the claim that &lt;em&gt;H.&amp;nbsp;naledi&lt;/em&gt; is simply a variant of &lt;em&gt;H.&amp;nbsp;erectus&lt;/em&gt;, and suggest &lt;em&gt;H.&amp;nbsp;naledi&lt;/em&gt; is younger than has been previously proposed.&lt;/p&gt;
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