<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huik, Kristi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sadam, Maarja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karki, Tõnis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avi, Radko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krispin, Tõnu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paap, Piret</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rüütel, Kristi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uusküla, Anneli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Talu, Ave</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abel-Ollo, Katri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lutsar, Irja</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CCL3L1 copy number is a strong genetic determinant of HIV seropositivity in Caucasian intravenous drug users.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Infect Dis</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Infect. Dis.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemokines, CC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug Users</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estonia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Continental Ancestry Group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene Dosage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hepacivirus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hepatitis C</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV Seropositivity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunity, Innate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance Abuse, Intravenous</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">730-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;A high copy number of CCL3L1, the most potent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-suppressive chemokine, associates with reduced HIV susceptibility. Whether CCL3L1 influences acquisition of multiple blood-borne infections (eg, hepatitis C virus [HCV], HIV, and hepatitis B virus [HBV] infections), which occur commonly among injection drug users (IDUs), is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;We determined CCL3L1 copy number by real-time polymerase chain reaction among 374 Caucasian IDUs from Estonia; 285 were HCV positive, 208 were HIV positive, 177 were HCV and HIV positive, and 57 were HCV and HIV negative.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;In univariate and multivariate analyses, HCV and HBV seropositivity and duration of IDU each strongly predicted HIV seropositivity. A high CCL3L1 copy number (&amp;gt;2) was associated with an 80% reduced risk of acquiring HIV infection after adjusting for age, sex, HCV and HBV status, CCR5-Delta32 polymorphism, and IDU duration (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.45). By contrast, CCL3L1 gene dose did not influence HCV seropositivity. Among HCV-positive IDUs, there was a 3.5-fold overrepresentation and 65% underrepresentation of a high CCL3L1 copy number among HCV-positive, HIV-negative subjects and HCV-positive, HIV-positive subjects, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;Among IDUs with extensive exposure to HCV and HIV, CCL3L1 copy number is a major determinant of HIV seropositivity but not of HCV seropositivity. The contrasting distribution of a protective high CCL3L1 copy number among HCV-positive, HIV-negative IDUs versus HCV-positive, HIV-positive IDUs may reflect that HIV preferentially selects for subjects with a low CCL3L1 gene dose.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20095832?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
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