<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huh, Jae-Won</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Young-Hyun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, Sang-Rae</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Hyoungwoo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Dae-Soo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Heui-Soo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kang, Han-Seok</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, Kyu-Tae</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gain of new exons and promoters by lineage-specific transposable elements-integration and conservation event on CHRM3 gene.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mol Cells</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mol. Cells</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alternative Splicing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain Stem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebellum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chickens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computational Biology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA Transposable Elements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution, Molecular</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene Expression Profiling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mutagenesis, Insertional</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olfactory Bulb</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Promoter Regions, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Receptor, Muscarinic M3</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Receptors, Muscarinic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009 Aug 31</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The CHRM3 gene is a member of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family that plays important roles in the regulation of fundamental physiological functions. The evolutionary mechanism of exon-acquisition and alternative splicing of the CHRM3 gene in relation to transposable elements (TEs) were analyzed using experimental approaches and in silico analysis. Five different transcript variants (T1, T2, T3, T3-1, and T4) derived from three distinct promoter regions (T1: L1HS, T2, T4: original, T3, T3-1: THE1C) were identified. A placenta (T1) and testis (T3 and T3-1)-dominated expression pattern appeared to be controlled by different TEs (L1HS and THE1C) that were integrated into the common ancestor genome during primate evolution. Remarkably, the T1 transcript was formed by the integration event of the human specific L1HS element. Among the 12 different brain regions, the brain stem, olfactory region, and cerebellum showed decreased expression patterns. Evolutionary analysis of splicing sites and alternative splicing suggested that the exon-acquisition event was determined by a selection and conservation mechanism. Furthermore, continuous integration events of transposable elements could produce lineage specific alternative transcripts by providing novel promoters and splicing sites. Taken together, exon-acquisition and alternative splicing events of CHRM3 genes were shown to have occurred through the continuous integration of transposable elements following conservation.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19669628?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
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