<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Hie Lim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Igawa, Takeshi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kawashima, Ayaka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Satta, Yoko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Takahata, Naoyuki</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Divergence, demography and gene loss along the human lineage.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution, Molecular</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Founder Effect</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetics, Population</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Likelihood Functions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markov Chains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monte Carlo Method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population Dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pseudogenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Analysis, DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 Aug 27</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">365</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2451-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Genomic DNA sequences are an irreplaceable source for reconstructing the vanished past of living organisms. Based on updated sequence data, this paper summarizes our studies on species divergence time, ancient population size and functional loss of genes in the primate lineage leading to modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens). The inter- and intraspecific comparisons of DNA sequences suggest that the human lineage experienced a rather severe bottleneck in the Middle Pleistocene, throughout which period the subdivided African population played a predominant role in shaping the genetic architecture of modern humans. Also, published and newly identified human-specific pseudogenes (HSPs) are enumerated in order to infer their significance for human evolution. Of the 121 candidate genes obtained, authentic HSPs turn out to comprise only 25 olfactory receptor genes, four T cell receptor genes and nine other genes. The fixation of HSPs has been too rare over the past 6-7 Myr to account for species differences between humans and chimpanzees.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1552</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20643734?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
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