<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kraut, Robert E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnston, Robert E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social and emotional messages of smiling: An ethological approach.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Emotional Responses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Motivation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Smiles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Influences</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1979</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1979</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1539 - 1553</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1939-1315(Electronic);0022-3514(Print)</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Naturalistic observation at a bowling alley (N = 1,793 balls) shows that bowlers often smiled when socially engaged, looking at and talking to others, but not necessarily after scoring a spare or a strike. In a 2nd study, bowlers (N = 166 balls) rarely smiled while facing the pins but often smiled when facing their friends. At a hockey game, fans (N = 3,726 faces) smiled both when they were socially involved and after events favorable to their team. Pedestrians (N = 663) were much more likely to smile when talking but only slightly more likely to smile in response to nice weather than to unpleasant weather. These 4 studies suggest a strong and robust association of smiling with a social motivation and an erratic association with emotional experience. (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)&lt;/p&gt;
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