<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hayakawa, Toshiyuki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angata, Takashi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lewis, Amanda L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mikkelsen, Tarjei S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nissi M Varki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajit Varki</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A human-specific gene in microglia.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene Conversion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lectins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Membrane Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microglia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pan troglodytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pongo pygmaeus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pseudogenes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sialic Acids</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005 Sep 9</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">309</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1693</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Recent studies have shown multiple differences between humans and apes in sialic acid (Sia) biology, including Siglecs (Sia-recognizing-Ig-superfamily lectins). Comparisons with the chimpanzee genome indicate that human SIGLEC11 emerged through human-specific gene conversion by an adjacent pseudogene. Conversion involved 5 cent untranslated sequences and the Sia-recognition domain. This human protein shows reduced binding relative to the ancestral form but recognizes oligosialic acids, which are enriched in the brain. SIGLEC11 is expressed in human but not in chimpanzee brain microglia. Further studies will determine if this event was related to the evolution of Homo.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5741</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151003?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
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