<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MacLean, P D</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain evolution relating to family, play, and the separation call.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch Gen Psychiatry</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arch. Gen. Psychiatry</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavior, Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gyrus Cinguli</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Instinct</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Limbic System</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mammals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maternal Behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neural Pathways</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paleontology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Play and Playthings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reptiles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thalamus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vocalization, Animal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1985</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1985 Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">405-17</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Mammals stem from the mammal-like reptiles (therapsids) that were widely prevalent in Pangaea 250 million years ago. In the evolutionary transition from reptiles to mammals, three key developments were (1) nursing, in conjunction with maternal care; (2) audiovocal communication for maintaining maternal-offspring contact; and (3) play. The separation call perhaps ranks as the earliest and most basic mammalian vocalization, while play may have functioned originally to promote harmony in the nest. How did such family related behavior develop? In its evolution, the forebrain of advanced mammals has expanded as a triune structure that anatomically and chemically reflects ancestral commonalities with reptiles, early mammals, and late mammals. Recent findings suggest that the development of the behavioral triad in question may have depended on the evolution of the thalamocingulate division of the limbic system, a derivative from early mammals. The thalamocingulate division (which has no distinctive counterpart in the reptilian brain) is, in turn, geared in with the prefrontal neocortex that, in human beings, may be inferred to play a key role in familial acculturation.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3977559?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
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