<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Switzer, William M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salemi, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shanmugam, Vedapuri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gao, Feng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cong, Mian-Er</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuiken, Carla</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhullar, Vinod</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beer, Brigitte E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallet, Dominique</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gautier-Hion, Annie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tooze, Zena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Villinger, Francois</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holmes, Edward C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heneine, Walid</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ancient co-speciation of simian foamy viruses and primates.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Mitochondrial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electron Transport Complex IV</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution, Molecular</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genes, Viral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Host-Parasite Interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spumavirus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005 Mar 17</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">434</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">376-80</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Although parasite-host co-speciation is a long-held hypothesis, convincing evidence for long-term co-speciation remains elusive, largely because of small numbers of hosts and parasites studied and uncertainty over rates of evolutionary change. Co-speciation is especially rare in RNA viruses, in which cross-species transfer is the dominant mode of evolution. Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are ubiquitous, non-pathogenic retroviruses that infect all primates. Here we test the co-speciation hypothesis in SFVs and their primate hosts by comparing the phylogenies of SFV polymerase and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II from African and Asian monkeys and apes. The phylogenetic trees were remarkably congruent in both branching order and divergence times, strongly supporting co-speciation. Molecular clock calibrations revealed an extremely low rate of SFV evolution, 1.7 x 10(-8) substitutions per site per year, making it the slowest-evolving RNA virus documented so far. These results indicate that SFVs might have co-speciated with Old World primates for at least 30 million years, making them the oldest known vertebrate RNA viruses.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7031</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15772660?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
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