<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liu, Ge</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, Shaying</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bailey, Jeffrey A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sahinalp, S Cenk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alkan, Can</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuzun, Eray</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green, Eric D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eichler, Evan E</style></author></authors><translated-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nisc Comparative Sequencing Program</style></author></translated-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of primate genomic variation reveals a repeat-driven expansion of the human genome.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome Res</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome Res.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution, Molecular</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome, Human</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lemur</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Papio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Point Mutation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pongo pygmaeus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retroelements</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Alignment</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2003</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">358-68</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We performed a detailed analysis of both single-nucleotide and large insertion/deletion events based on large-scale comparison of 10.6 Mb of genomic sequence from lemur, baboon, and chimpanzee to human. Using a human genomic reference, optimal global alignments were constructed from large (&amp;gt;50-kb) genomic sequence clones. These alignments were examined for the pattern, frequency, and nature of mutational events. Whereas rates of single-nucleotide substitution remain relatively constant (1-2 x 10(-9) substitutions/site/year), rates of retrotransposition vary radically among different primate lineages. These differences have lead to a 15%-20% expansion of human genome size over the last 50 million years of primate evolution, 90% of it due to new retroposon insertions. Orthologous comparisons with the chimpanzee suggest that the human genome continues to significantly expand due to shifts in retrotransposition activity. Assuming that the primate genome sequence we have sampled is representative, we estimate that human euchromatin has expanded 30 Mb and 550 Mb compared to the primate genomes of chimpanzee and lemur, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12618366?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
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