<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollard, Katherine S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salama, Sofie R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">King, Bryan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kern, Andrew D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dreszer, Tim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katzman, Sol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siepel, Adam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pedersen, Jakob S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bejerano, Gill</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baertsch, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosenbloom, Kate R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kent, Jim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haussler, David</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forces shaping the fastest evolving regions in the human genome.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS Genet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS Genet.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Base Pairing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Base Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conserved Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution, Molecular</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome, Human</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recombination, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selection, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Analysis, DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e168</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Comparative genomics allow us to search the human genome for segments that were extensively changed in the last approximately 5 million years since divergence from our common ancestor with chimpanzee, but are highly conserved in other species and thus are likely to be functional. We found 202 genomic elements that are highly conserved in vertebrates but show evidence of significantly accelerated substitution rates in human. These are mostly in non-coding DNA, often near genes associated with transcription and DNA binding. Resequencing confirmed that the five most accelerated elements are dramatically changed in human but not in other primates, with seven times more substitutions in human than in chimp. The accelerated elements, and in particular the top five, show a strong bias for adenine and thymine to guanine and cytosine nucleotide changes and are disproportionately located in high recombination and high guanine and cytosine content environments near telomeres, suggesting either biased gene conversion or isochore selection. In addition, there is some evidence of directional selection in the regions containing the two most accelerated regions. A combination of evolutionary forces has contributed to accelerated evolution of the fastest evolving elements in the human genome.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17040131?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom1></record></records></xml>