<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evans, Patrick D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gilbert, Sandra L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mekel-Bobrov, Nitzan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vallender, Eric J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, Jeffrey R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vaez-Azizi, Leila M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tishkoff, Sarah A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hudson, Richard R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lahn, Bruce T</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microcephalin, a gene regulating brain size, continues to evolve adaptively in humans.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adaptation, Biological</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">African Continental Ancestry Group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alleles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amino Acid Substitution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asian Continental Ancestry Group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Continental Ancestry Group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene Conversion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene Frequency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haplotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linkage Disequilibrium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microcephaly</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nerve Tissue Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organ Size</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recombination, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selection, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Analysis, DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">309</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1717-20</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The gene Microcephalin (MCPH1) regulates brain size and has evolved under strong positive selection in the human evolutionary lineage. We show that one genetic variant of Microcephalin in modern humans, which arose approximately 37,000 years ago, increased in frequency too rapidly to be compatible with neutral drift. This indicates that it has spread under strong positive selection, although the exact nature of the selection is unknown. The finding that an important brain gene has continued to evolve adaptively in anatomically modern humans suggests the ongoing evolutionary plasticity of the human brain. It also makes Microcephalin an attractive candidate locus for studying the genetics of human variation in brain-related phenotypes.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5741</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151009?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
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