<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suarez, S. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gallup, G. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-recognition in chimpanzees and orangutans, but not gorillas</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Human Evolution</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chimpanzees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gorillas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mirrors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">orangutans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">self-awareness</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1981</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/1981</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248481800164</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175 - 188</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0047-2484</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Recognition of one&#039;s own reflection in a mirror qualifies as an objective test of self-awareness. Although most primates appear incapable of learning that their behavior is the source of the behavior depicted in a mirror, the present study replicates previous reports showing that both chimpanzees and orangutans are capable of self-recognition. As the only remaining species of great ape, gorillas were also systematically tested with mirrors. Using a specially designed control procedure which provides independent evidence of interest in and motivation to touch unobtrusively applied marks used to assess self-recognition, gorillas appeared unable to correctly decipher mirrored information about themselves.&lt;/p&gt;
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