<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harding, R M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Healy, E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ray, A J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ellis, N S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flanagan, N</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Todd, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dixon, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sajantila, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jackson, I J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Birch-Machin, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rees, J L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence for variable selective pressures at MC1R.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Hum Genet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am. J. Hum. Genet.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Africa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">African Continental Ancestry Group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amino Acid Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amino Acid Substitution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Base Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Europe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic Variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haplotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Likelihood Functions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melanins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Models, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mutation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pigmentation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Receptors, Corticotropin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Receptors, Melanocortin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selection, Genetic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000 Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1351-61</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;It is widely assumed that genes that influence variation in skin and hair pigmentation are under selection. To date, the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is the only gene identified that explains substantial phenotypic variance in human pigmentation. Here we investigate MC1R polymorphism in several populations, for evidence of selection. We conclude that MC1R is under strong functional constraint in Africa, where any diversion from eumelanin production (black pigmentation) appears to be evolutionarily deleterious. Although many of the MC1R amino acid variants observed in non-African populations do affect MC1R function and contribute to high levels of MC1R diversity in Europeans, we found no evidence, in either the magnitude or the patterns of diversity, for its enhancement by selection; rather, our analyses show that levels of MC1R polymorphism simply reflect neutral expectations under relaxation of strong functional constraint outside Africa.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10733465?dopt=Abstract&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom1></record></records></xml>