<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chisholm, R. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trauer, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curnoe, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tanaka, M. M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Controlled fire use in early humans might have triggered the evolutionary emergence of tuberculosis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PNAS </style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.pnas.org/content/113/32/9051.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9051 - 9056</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);&quot;&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;complex (MTBC), a wildly successful group of organisms and the leading cause of death resulting from a single bacterial pathogen worldwide. It is generally accepted that MTBC established itself in human populations in Africa and that animal-infecting strains diverged from human strains. However, the precise causal factors of TB emergence remain unknown. Here, we propose that the advent of controlled fire use in early humans created the ideal conditions for the emergence of TB as a transmissible disease. This hypothesis is supported by mathematical modeling together with a synthesis of evidence from epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, and paleoanthropology.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></issue></record></records></xml>